Internal-combustion engine



D. L. ARNOLD.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE. APPucATloN FILED JUNE 25,1919.

' 1,43 8,6 U Patented oct. 24, 1922'.

Patented @et 241, 1922.'

narran etarras Parana' oa DOUGLASS L. ARNOLD, OF CHICAGO,

HARVESTER COMPANY, A

rasate@ arca.

ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR TO INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

Application led June 25,

To all .whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, DoUGLAss L. ARNOLD,

a citizen of the United in the county Chicago, of Illinois States,residing atv of Cook and State have invented certain new and full,clear,

especially to the inlet passages and construction of' a cylinder head.

The walls of the inlet passages are, as a rule, relatively of a lowgrade,

cool, and where vfuel oils such as kerosene, are used there is a greattendency for these oils to recondense on the walls of the inlet passagesand to be carried over by cylinder in a liquid state.

It is an 'ob}'ect,

the air into the therefore, of. my invention to provide a means forrevaporizing the condensed fuel, delivering it to the cylinder in theform of a dry, combustible gas.

Another object is to provide a means for more perfectly to avoidstratification and to obtain a more mixing the air and fuel so ashomogeneous combustible mixture.

Another object is to provide a means -for using the waste heat of theexhaust and of the cylinder to accomplish the above objects.

Still anotherobject is to provide a means for bringing any particles ofunvaporized fuel into contact of the intake walls,

with the hot portions only thereby using the liquid fuel itself as aninsulator for the incoming charge, preventing with said charge beingheated a consequent loss of volumetric efficiency of the engine and atthe Sametime allowing/the liquid fuel to be vaporized and to enter theheat of said fuel cylinder as ga dry, such unstable liquid form that hotgas, or in the additional compression gasifies or so changes that it isin the proper state for good combustion. The amount of the charge heatedin this case is so smallas not to materially affect the volumetricefliciency of the engine.

These and other objects are Aaccomplished by my invention whichcomprises an internal combustion engine -having an inlet valve and atangential inlet passage formed about said inlet valve as a center so asto subject the incoming charge to vortex action at said valve.

In anoth er aspect my invention comprises et passage, as I have juststated,

vpassages 14 which 1919. Serial No. 306,665.

and means for heating a part of the walls of said spiral inlet passage.

Referring now to the drawing- F ig. 1 is a horizontal sectional view onthe line A-B of Fig. 2; and

Fig. 2 is a front elevation, partly in section, on line C-D of F ig. 1.

I have illustrated my invention in connection with an engine having acylinder 10. on which is secured a vcylinder head casing 11 by means ofstuds 12 and nuts 13. The cylinder head has cast therein exhaust epreferably shown at the two ends of the twin cylinders, while `the inletpassage 15 having tangential branches 15a is shown between. It will benoted that at the heart, shown by double sei tion lines, the inlet andexhaust passages are. separated only by a thin wall of metal 15b. Thetangential inlet terminates in an inlet port 16 which is closed by theinlet valve 17 which is held upon its seat by a spring' 18.

The spiral passage 15a is so arranged that as the incoming gases flowaround this passage they are constantly brought nearer and nearer theinlet port 16, until at the point 15C the wall of the tangential passagepractically coincides with the edge of the inlet port. The exhaust port19 is closed by an exhaust valve 20 which is held upon its seat by aspring 21. It will be seen from the drawing and description that as themixture going through the passage 15 strikes an abutment 15d, it causesthe gas by the exhaust gases in the exhaust passageJ y 14.

At the same time, any fuel which falls to the'bottom of the tangentialpassage 15"1 will come in contact with'the heated head 22 of thecylinder itself, and any fuel therefore which comes 'in contact with thebottom of the passage 15a or the hot spot 15b will be converted into adry, hot gas or in such unstable liquid form that when it is passedA oninto the cylinder the additional heat of compression gasifies or sochanges said fuel that it is in proper state for good combustion. If,however., as is usually the case, some of the heavy fuel still clings tothe Wall of the tangential passage after having passed/the hot spot 15bthis fuel will be thrown in the form of a very line spray off the tip15c and will be Ycarried into the center of the vortex and will passintothe cylinder in a very` finely divided unstable state. The result isthat With this arrangement of elements I am able to get a very goodcombustible mixture.

It will be seen from the cross sectional view, shown in Fig. 2, that theintake paspassage 15 and the passage leading to the inlet port 16are'comparatively shallow, that is to say, a cross section of thesepassages is substantially rectangular in shape. This rectangular shape,together with the volute shape of the intake passage positioned adjacentthe intake valve 17, will cause a better mixing of the air and fuel. Itis also to be noted that the inlet passages are Water-jacketed With theexcep` 'tion of the hot spot 15b and the bottom Wall 22 which forms thecylinder head of the engine and is directly exposed to the heat of,combustion in the cylinder. I have found it advantageous in someinstances, but not essential to eflic-ient operation of the engine, tohave this lower Wall heated as shown. With this construction, any liquidfuel which may 'tend to settle .to the bottom of the passages Will bevaporized by the heat from the cylinder and at the same time serve toinsulaterthe air and lighter components of the charge from the heatedsurface.

While I have shown and described but a single embodiment of myinvention, it is to be understood that it is capable of manymodifications. Changes, therefore, in the construction and arrangementmay be made Without departing from the spirit and scope of .theinvention, as defined by the appended claims.

' I claime 1. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder having aninlet port, a volute inlet passage in the cylinder leading to the inletport and, having its outer Wall terminating `tangent to the port.

2. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder having an inlet port, avolute inlet passage of 4uniformly decreasing radius formed in thecylinder leading to the port and its outer'vvall terminating'tangentthereto, and an exhaust passage in the vcylinder separated-from theinlet passage by a thin partition.

3. In an internal combustion engine, av cylinder head having an inletport, an inlet passage in the cylinder head, an eccentric inlet chambertangent to the inlet port on one side and communicating With the inletpassage, the Wall of the chamber terminate i ing in a sharp edge at thepoint of tangency.

4. In an internal combustion` englne, a cylinder head having an inletport, an inlet passage in the cylinder head, an eccentric inlet chambertangent to the inlet porton one side and communicatingvvith the inletpassage, the Wall of the chamber terminating in a sharp edge at thepoint of tangency, and means for heating a Wall of the eccentricchamber.

In testimony whereof I aflix my'rsignature.

D'oUGLAss L.` ARNOLD.

